Types of Education

TYPES OF EDUCATION
The aims and objectives of education are generally framed to meet desirable change in the society. These aims and objectives of education are realized by means of various agencies of education. They are formal education, Informal Education and Non-Formal Education. All the three relevant and needed for all human livings.


1. FORMAL EDUCATION

Formal education is that which is systematic planned for the modification o behaviors with a particular end in view.

It is hierarchically structured, chronograded and legally institutionalized. It includes a variety of specialized programmes and institution for full time technical and professional training in addition to general academic studies . It is an examination oriented system of education in which the individual is bank or stuffed with knowledge by the teacher.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF FORMAL EDUCATION:
. Providing education of  all people in the society.
As per the article 45 o the Indian Constitution, providing compulsory   education to all children between  age  of 6-14.
Providing basic facilities to school going children.
Implementation of Universal Education in the country.
Providing education according to age and preparing curriculum for different stages of education i.e. school, college or universities.

LIMITATION OF FORMAL EDUCATION:
There are a number of formalities such as the age of admission, curriculum, syllabus, textbooks, time-table, methods of teaching, qualification of teachers, inspection, supervision, examination etc.

IT is not available to all children in the society.
Not useful to working people.
In formal education we have to spend more time and more money to complete the course.
it is regarded to certificates, degrees or diplomas.
This is system prevalent in our schools, College and universities.

2. INFORMAL EDUCATION :
The  individual doesn’t live in a vacuum, he is constantly  under the influence of the surroundings. In a way, he learns all the time, from every event and from every experience. The education received in this indirect manner is called Informal Education. It Is also called as incident or accidental education.
It is non-purposive, un planned, unorganized and unsystematic. It is a life long process. This happens at all levels and phases of life. The individual child gets knowledge, skills, attitudes naturally, this is a casual education in this process the individual gets education on has own way. In this process the child grows in different stages and learns variety of things through various sources of education such as parents/home, pre-group, community, religious and social institutions, mass-media etc.
It includes self-thinking and self-learning. The child learns language, behavior culture, vocational skills and values by his social living. The life and the social environment and self experience will be the source of education . In this way it is a life long education which the child gets outside the school This life is education and education is life.
DISTINCTION  BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION:

S.NO. FORMAL EDUCATION              INFORMAL EDUCATION  
1 It Is a planned, purposive,
organized and systematic educational active    It Is unplanned, non-purposive unorganized and unsystematic educational process.  
2 It has some pre-determined, definite aims It has no pre-determined definite aims  
3 It starts and ends at a particular stage        It is  a life long process  
4 It is imparted through formal lessons         It is not imparted through any formal lessons  
5 There is a definite syllabus to be                     There is no such syllabus.
       covered during a definite period.  
6 Usually given in school, college and              No particular place and time
 universities                                                     
7 It puts some mental strain both                      Being natural, it doesn’t strain anybody
     on the-teacher and taught                                 
8 It is cost effective                                        No need of spending money.

3.NON-FORMAL EDUCATION:

Non-formal education is an organized and systematic educational activity carried on outside the established formal system. It is relevant to the needs, requirements, abilities and capacities of the individual. It has no parameters of time and  space. Non formal education is not so rigid as formal education. At the same time, it is not unplanned and unstructured like informal education. Starting from pre-school level and going up to the open university system.

According to La-Bella, N.F.E. refers to organized out of school education programme designed to provide specific learning experience for specific target of population.

Coomb and Ahmed (1974)

N. F.E. is an organized systematic educational activity carried on outside the frame work fro the system to provide selected type of learning to particular sub group in the population as well as children.

 FEATURES OF NON-FORMAL EDUCATION:

It is flexible, free and open education and it has diversified means and end .

It is a kind of organized, systematic and deliberately given outside a the formal system.

It is integrated with other educational programs.

N.F.E. covers the objectives of knowledge, skill, attitudes and values.

It is need based and functional, experience and work oriented and for both start and long term.

It emphasis on learning rather teaching.

It works according to the progress of learner’s pace of learning.

It brings education to the door steps of million who are in the necessity.

The workers, dropouts and illiterates are the target group, the teachers are Para professional and resource persons and volunteers.

N.F.E. will be given through postal, distance, open-university, mass media, self learning, vocational training, part time school and with social institutions.

NEED OF N.F.E. IN INDIA:

It is a supplementary education to formal education and which emerged after the second world war. In india N.F.E. was started by the expert advices of C.A.B.E Non formal education is required to achieve total literacy and to improve the formal education. N.F.E. can support the government to achieve 100% literacy.

TARGET GROUP OF NON FORMAL EDUCATION:

N.F.E. for children below school going age:

It may be pre-school, Nursery, Balawadi, Kindergarten, Day care centre etc.

Non formal education for children of 6-14 age group. In this group there can be left outs, drop outs, push outs etc.

Non formal education for adults In the 15+age level. Here also there can be different types of programmes like continuing education, correspondence course, open university etc.

DISTINCTION BETWEEN FORMAL & NON FORMAL EDUCATION:

 

S.NO. FORMAL EDUCATION NON-FORMAL EDUCATION    

1 It is rigid It Is flexible    

2 It is limited to a period of life It is open ended    

3 It has fixed point of entry and exit It has no flexible points of entry and exit    

4 It is imposed by the giver on the receiver with little interaction between the two. It is a process of sharing and exploring together with full learner participation    

5 It requires qualified trained personal for imparting instruction It permits anyone willing and desirous of sharing knowledge, ideas, skill etc.    

6 It is authoritarian It is participatory.  

EDUCATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE:

The quality of life very compex and comprehensive. In general, quality of life means it is the indication of the level of the life. Quality of life indicate the extension of human capacities in individual as well as community level. Quality of life differs depending upon man’s culture and religious background of the country. There are many factors/components involved in the quality of life. We can assess and understand the quality of life by understanding the following components.

Percapita income.

Family income.

Family size.

Educational background of the family.

Health condition.

Food and nutrition.

Shelter and environment.

Education of the women.

Human Resources

Resources          Natural Resources

        Technical Resources

Age structure in family

The above listed components which are directly and indirectly influencing on the quality of life. 

Education Is considered as the best instrument or component which can help in entrancing the quality of life./ It improve quality of life by imparting useful knowledge, development of rational attitude formation of productive social-economic and Health changes. The science and Technical education can promote economic development of the country. Education can also cultivate the values like importance of small family, good health, scientific attitude etc.